DMX (Digital Multiplex) is the industry-standard protocol for controlling lighting and effects equipment in entertainment and professional AV environments. Whether you're programming a stage show, setting up architectural lighting, or managing a live event, understanding DMX terminology is essential. This glossary covers foundational DMX terms along with key concepts used in intelligent lighting programming.
Glossary of DMX and Lighting Programming Terms
DMX-512
A digital communication protocol that allows control of up to 512 channels per universe. It’s the backbone of most lighting control systems used in stage, theater, and architectural installations.
Universe
A single DMX network containing up to 512 control channels. Larger systems may use multiple universes to manage more fixtures.
Channel
A control path for a specific function of a fixture (e.g., brightness, color, pan). Each fixture may use multiple channels.
Address
The starting channel assigned to a fixture. Correct addressing ensures the controller communicates with the right device.
Fixture
Any DMX-controllable device such as a moving head, LED bar, fogger, or dimmer. Fixtures are assigned addresses and programmed individually or in groups.
Patching
The process of assigning DMX channels to fixtures in the controller. Proper patching ensures accurate control and programming.
Controller
A device or software used to send DMX signals to fixtures. Controllers range from physical consoles to computer-based programs.
DMX Cable
A 3-pin or 5-pin XLR cable used to transmit DMX signals. Designed for data transmission with 120-ohm impedance.
Terminator
A 120-ohm resistor placed at the end of a DMX chain to prevent signal reflection and ensure stable communication.
Daisy Chain
A method of connecting fixtures in sequence using DMX cables. Each fixture connects to the next in line.
RDM (Remote Device Management)
An extension of DMX512 that allows bi-directional communication for remote configuration and monitoring of fixtures.
DMX Splitter
A device that duplicates a DMX signal to multiple outputs, allowing for flexible routing and signal isolation.
DMX Merger
Combines signals from multiple controllers into a single DMX output. Useful for layered control systems or backup setups.
Intelligent Lighting Programming Terms
Blackout
A state where all fixture outputs are set to zero. Used for dramatic pauses or transitions between scenes.
Chases
Sequences of multiple scenes programmed to run in order. Used to create dynamic lighting effects over time.
Scenes
Static lighting states that define fixture settings (e.g., color, position, intensity). Scenes are the building blocks of lighting programs.
Programs
Collections of scenes stored in a single bank. A program may contain one or multiple scenes for playback.
Fade Slider
Controls the transition time between scenes in a chase. Enables smooth fades between lighting states.
Speed Slider
Determines how long each scene holds before transitioning. Also referred to as wait time.
Sliders (Faders)
Physical or virtual controls used to adjust fixture parameters such as brightness, color, pan, and tilt.
Shutter
A mechanical device in a fixture that blocks or modulates light output. Used for strobe effects or intensity control.
Moving Head
A fixture with motorized pan (360°) and tilt (270°) capabilities. Also called a mover or moving yoke.
Scanner
A fixture that uses a mirror to direct light. Offers pan and tilt control with fast response times.
Pan
Horizontal movement of a moving head or scanner. Controlled via DMX channel.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. Used to trigger lighting scenes externally via MIDI devices like keyboards or sequencers.
Stand Alone
Refers to a fixture’s ability to operate independently of a controller. Often uses built-in microphones to sync with music.
Conclusion
Mastering DMX and intelligent lighting terminology is key to programming effective and reliable lighting setups. Whether you're working with a simple controller or a complex multi-universe system, this glossary provides the foundational language needed to communicate, troubleshoot, and create dynamic lighting designs.