Different Types of Headphones
Headphones come in various types, each catering to different listening needs. Factors such as portability, comfort, sound quality, and noise isolation influence the choice of headphones. Broadly, headphones fall into four main categories: circumaural, supra-aural, earbuds, and in-ear headphones.
1. Circumaural Headphones (Over-Ear Headphones)
Circumaural headphones, also known as over-ear headphones, have large ear cups that fully encompass the ears. This design provides excellent sound isolation by sealing around the ear, reducing external noise. Due to their size, they can be heavier - some models weigh over 500 grams (1 lb). To improve comfort, manufacturers incorporate ergonomic headbands and cushioned ear pads.
2. Supra-Aural Headphones (On-ear Headphones)
Supra-aural headphones, or on-ear headphones, rest directly on top of the ears rather than enclosing them. They are generally smaller and lighter than circumaural headphones, making them more portable. However, they offer less noise isolation since they do not fully seal around the ears.
Open-Back vs. Closed-Back Designs
Both circumaural and supra-aural headphones can have either an open-back or closed-back design:
- Open-Back Headphones: Feature open ear cups, allowing sound to flow freely in and out. This results in a more natural, speaker-like sound with a spacious "soundscape". However, they offer little noise isolation and may leak sound.
- Closed-Back Headphones: Have sealed ear cups that block ambient noise (reducing it by 8-32 dB, depending on the model). This provides a more immersive experience, but the sound may feel as if it is coming form inside the listener's head rather than from an open space.
3. Earbuds
Earbuds are small headphones that sit in the outer ear, positioned just outside the ear canal. They are lightweight and portable and often included with smartphones and portable music players. However, they can be uncomfortable for some users and are prone to falling out. Additionally, they provide little isolation, which can affect sound quality in noisy environments.
4. In-Ear Headphones (Canalphones/IEMs)
In-ear headphones, also called canalphones or in-ear monitors (IEMs), fit directly into the ear canal. Sealing the ear canal offers better noise isolation than earbuds, resulting in improved sound clarity and bass response.
- Basic in-ear headphones: Affordable and commonly used for everyday listening.
- High-end in-ear monitors (IEMs): Used by musicians, audio engineers, and audiophiles for superior sound quality and precision.
In-ear headphones often come with different-sized silicone, foam, or rubber ear tips to ensure a secure and comfortable fit. While they offer excellent noise isolation, blocking external sounds can pose safety concerns in environments where situational awareness is crucial (e.g., while walking or cycling near traffic).
Check out our category of headphones and earbuds here and find a great match for your needs: